The migration process to Universal Credit from legacy benefits

16 mins read

This advice applies across the UK.

The process of transferring existing legacy benefits claimants onto the Universal Credit system is known as managed migration. On this page we explain when you can expect to move onto Universal Credit, and what happens when you do.

In this article

Introduction

Universal Credit replaces a number of benefits called the ‘legacy benefits’.

It is no longer possible to make a new claim for these benefits, and you must claim Universal Credit instead.

The process of transferring existing claimants of these benefits to the new system is known as managed migration. 

Timeline

Universal Credit has replaced all claims for Working Tax Credit and Child Tax Credit, and it is no longer possible to claim or receive ongoing payments for these benefits.

Universal Credit has also replaced all new claims for Income Support and Income-Based Jobseeker’s Allowance. Almost all existing claimants have now been asked to move to Universal Credit.

Claimants of Income-Related Employment and Support Allowance are in the process of being move to Universal Credit (see below).

The Universal Credit housing element has replaced all new claims for Housing Benefit for the above groups, except for some claimants in supported or temporary accommodation who can still make a claim and will continue to receive payments.

If you claim Income-Related Employment and Support Allowance (ESA)

All claimants of Income-Related ESA and Income-Related ESA with Housing Benefit will be asked to move to Universal Credit by the end of March 2026.

Universal Credit hasn’t replaced Contributory or New Style ESA. It is still possible to make a claim for and receive this, provided you have made sufficient national insurance contributions to qualify.

Claimants of Income-Related ESA who are living in some types of temporary or supported accommodation, and who have claims for Housing Benefit, will continue to receive payments of Housing Benefit for their rent. But they will need to make a claim for Universal Credit to replace their payments of Income-Related ESA.

If you currently claim Income-Related ESA or Income Related ESA with Housing Benefit, there are three ways in which you could move onto Universal Credit: your circumstances change; the government asks you to claim Universal Credit as part of the “managed migration” process; or you volunteer to claim because you think you’ll be better off.

Volunteering to claim Universal Credit

Some claimants may choose to claim Universal Credit because they believe that they will receive more in Universal Credit than they currently get in legacy benefits.

Warning! While it is true that some claimants will be better off on Universal Credit, many are actually worse off. And once you claim Universal Credit, you cannot revert back to your old legacy benefits. This is the case even if you are left worse off. (It even applies if you get a nil award of Universal Credit). Because of this, you should always seek detailed individual advice before making any decision to volunteer to claim Universal Credit.

When your circumstances change

A change in circumstances means your claim for Employment and Support Allowance is ending. In this case, you will need to make a claim for Universal Credit. This is known as “natural migration” to Universal Credit. This could be separating from or moving in with a partner or starting a new job.

Not all changes of circumstances will lead to you having to consider a claim for Universal Credit; only changes of circumstance that would have previously led to you making a new claim for a legacy benefit.

It’s up to you whether you claim Universal Credit or not. If you do, any existing legacy benefits you get will have to stop.

Warning! It is always worth getting advice before making a claim. Some people are worse off after claiming Universal Credit, and once you claim it, it is impossible to reverse that decision and reclaim your old means-tested benefits. Get advice before choosing to claim Universal Credit to check that a claim will not leave you worse off.

The managed migration process

Once the DWP (Department for Communities in Northern Ireland) selects you to migrate onto Universal Credit, you won’t transfer onto Universal Credit automatically. Instead, you will have to make a claim.

Receiving a migration notice

You’ll receive a “migration notice” in writing that your legacy benefits will be ending.

Normally, you’ll receive a date three months from the date on your migration notice within which to make a claim for Universal Credit. This is known as your deadline day. You may get less than three months notice if you have had a previous migration notice that was cancelled.

The DWP may agree to extend your deadline day if there are exceptional reasons, for example you are extremely unwell or need a high level of support to make a claim. However you need to ask for an extension before your deadline day and clearly explain your circumstances.

This audio explainer is about what you should do if you receive a managed migration notice from the Department of Work and Pensions (DWP) telling you that your existing legacy benefits are ending and you need to claim Universal Credit. Read a transcript of this clip.

When can I apply for Universal Credit?

It is up to you whether you claim Universal Credit straight away or wait until closer to the deadline day.

If you don’t claim Universal Credit by your final deadline day, you can still claim Universal Credit at a later date, but you will have a longer gap with no benefit payments and you won’t be eligible for any transitional protection.

You’ll normally have to make a claim for Universal Credit online, but you can also use the Universal Credit Migration Notice helpline if necessary.

When your legacy benefits will stop

Your income-related ESA and Housing Benefit will run on for a further two weeks after you claim Universal Credit.

So if you claim Universal Credit before your deadline day, your income-related ESA and Housing Benefit will stop two weeks after the date you claimed Universal Credit.

If you claim Universal Credit after your deadline day, your income-related ESA and Housing Benefit will stop two weeks after your deadline day.

Regardless of whether you claim Universal Credit before or after your deadline date, once you have lodged a claim, you will have a wait of at least five weeks before you get your first Universal Credit payment. If this wait causes you financial hardship, you can ask for an advance payment. An advance payment is a loan that you will need to repay to the DWP from your future Universal Credit payments.

Making sure you are no worse off on Universal Credit

So long as you have claimed Universal Credit either by your deadline day or your final deadline a month later, you will be eligible for transitional protection payments. These should make sure that you are no worse off on Universal Credit. If you don’t claim Universal Credit by your final deadline day, you won’t be considered for transitional protection. This is the case even if you eventually claim Universal Credit at a later date.

Warning! People selected for managed migration have no option but to claim Universal Credit. The situation is different if you have not received a migration notice. There is nothing preventing you from volunteering to move onto Universal Credit before you receive a migration notice. However, this may not be a good idea. People who choose to claim Universal Credit early, rather than waiting to receive a migration notice, cannot usually get transitional protection.

Many families with a disabled child will be worse off under Universal Credit. Once you claim Universal Credit, you cannot move back onto your old legacy benefits. You can check your likely entitlement to Universal Credit using the benefit calculator on our website.

Will I be worse off under Universal Credit?

Many families with a disabled child end up worse off under Universal Credit. This is particularly likely if you are an out-of-work family with a disabled child who does not qualify for the higher disability addition.

This is because the lower rate of the child disability addition is £36.55 per week (£158.76 per month). The equivalent additional payment under the existing benefits system is £81.37 per week. This represents a cut of £44.82 per week, or just over £2,300 per year. Since the child disability addition is for each disabled child, families with two children on the lower addition could lose twice this amount.

You can find out more about this issue in our briefing – Universal Credit and Disabled Children.

Transitional protection

Transitional protection is an additional payment to ensure you are no worse off when you first make a claim for Universal Credit, compared to your previous legacy benefits. You are only eligible for transitional protection if you moved onto Universal Credit as part of ‘managed migration‘.

You are not eligible for transitional protection if either:

  • You move onto Universal Credit because you had a change of circumstances (known as natural migration).
  • You volunteered/chose to claim.
  • You missed your final deadline day for making a managed migration claim.

I’ve moved onto Universal Credit via managed migration

You might be able to receive top-up payments to ensure you are no worse off under Universal Credit.

How does transitional protection work?

Transitional protection rules are supposed to ensure that families who would qualify for lower payments under Universal Credit receive top-up payments so that they are no worse off than before. This top-up is known as a transitional element.

The DWP compares the amount you receive under legacy benefits (your “total legacy amount”) with an indicative amount it expects you to get under Universal Credit. If your indicative amount is lower than your total legacy amount, you will receive a transitional element to make up the difference.

Eligibility

In order to be eligible, you need to claim Universal Credit either by:

  • The three-month deadline in your “migration notice”.
  • The final deadline a month later.

If you do not claim by the final deadline, you will not be eligible for transitional protection. This is so even if you claim Universal credit at some later date.

For example, Sarah receives Income-Related Employment and Support Allowance of £977.16 per month and Housing Benefit of £548.52 per month. Her total legacy amount is therefore £1525.68 per month. Her Universal Credit indicative amount is £1288.77 per month. So long as she claims Universal Credit after receiving her migration notice but before her final deadline, she will receive a transitional element of £236.91 pm, to ensure that her income does not drop.

Who won’t be protected?

Unfortunately, not every family who is worse off on Universal Credit has been transitionally protected.

In particular, families who were getting Child Tax Credit payments for a “looked after” disabled child in a residential setting are significantly worse off after moving onto Universal Credit. This is because they won’t have received transitional protection payments to make up for the less generous treatment of their “looked after” child under Universal Credit rules.

There is also a risk that other families who are manage migrated onto Universal Credit won’t be transitionally protected. Some families with a 19-year-old in non-advanced education or a young person in a temporary interruption in education may also not have received the correct amount of transitional protection.

Seek advice if you manage migrated onto Universal Credit and at the point you were migrated, you were getting tax credits for either:

  • A 19 year old who turned 19 before 1 September 2024 and who remains in full-time non-advanced education.
  • A young person who is 16-19 and in a temporary interruption in their education.

It’s possible that you may not have received Universal Credit transitional protection to make up for the loss of payments for a child who is in one of the two groups above. This may be open to challenge so seek detailed advice.

What if my capital is too high?

Tax Credit claimants who had capital of more than £16,000 at the point they migrated to Universal Credit are eligible for transitional protection. However, this will be only temporary. There is a special “transitional capital disregard”. Under this rule, any capital you have above £16,000 will be ignored, but only for a maximum of 12 months. If you still have more than £16,000 in capital after 12 months, your Universal Credit award will end.

Transitional protection payments don’t rise annually with inflation. Certain changes in circumstances can reduce them or even end them altogether. This means that even those receiving transitional protection will still be worse off over time.

I’ve moved onto Universal Credit but NOT via managed migration

If you had to claim Universal Credit because you had a change of circumstances, you will not get transitional protection. Similarly, you won’t be eligible for transitional protection if you choose to claim Universal Credit. (For example, because you think you might be better off.)

There are only two exceptions to this:

1. Disabled adults already on Universal Credit who previously qualified for severe disability premium as part of their legacy benefit. These adults should receive transitional payments to compensate for the loss of the severe disability premium.

2. Families who had to move onto Universal Credit as a result of a DWP mistake and now receive a lower disabled child addition than under legacy benefits. (An example of such a mistake: DWP stopped your child’s DLA before reinstating it on appeal. The stoppage meant your Income Support claim as a carer ended). In this case, you should get a transitional payment. This is as a result of the Court of Appeal decision in R (TD & Ors) v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions. Phone our free helpline for more details if you think this applies to you.

Even if you are someone who receives transitional protection, you are still likely to be worse off over time. Transitional protection payments will not be uprated with inflation. Some changes in circumstances will also reduce the amount of transitional protection you receive.

Managed migration: frequently asked questions

What is managed migration?

There are three ways that someone might move from legacy benefits onto Universal Credit:

  • Firstly, you might have a change of circumstances that means your existing benefits stop. You’ll have to claim Universal Credit instead.
  • Secondly, you may volunteer to move onto Universal Credit because you think you will be better off on the new benefit rather than staying on legacy benefits. You should not do this without first seeking advice, as many families end up worse off on Universal Credit with no way of getting back onto their old benefits.
  • Lastly, the DWP can write to you asking you to claim Universal Credit even though you have had no change in circumstances. This is called “managed migration” onto Universal Credit.

Will the DWP automatically move me onto Universal Credit?

No, you won’t move over onto Universal Credit automatically. Instead, there are steps you will need to take. You will need to make a claim for Universal Credit within three months of receiving written notice that your existing legacy benefits will be ending.

Is Universal Credit replacing all benefits?

Universal Credit is only replacing certain means tested benefits and tax credits. It is not replacing any other benefits such as Carer’s Allowance, council tax support or Disability Living Allowance / Personal Independence Payment.

My son gets income related Employment and Support Allowance (ESA) but no other legacy benefits. When will he need to claim Universal Credit?

Disabled adults getting income-related ESA only, or income-related ESA in combination with housing benefit, are receiving migration notices now.

Everyone should have received a managed migration notice by the end of September 2025. All claimants should have moved to Universal Credit by the end of March 2026.

What will happen when the DWP selects me for managed migration?

You won’t move onto Universal Credit automatically. Instead, you will have to make a claim for Universal Credit.

You’ll receive a “migration notice” in writing that your legacy benefits will be ending. You’ll have three months from the date on your migration notice within which to make a claim for Universal Credit. After this, your legacy benefits will stop. The DWP can extend this three-month deadline if there are good reasons.

Your legacy benefit payments will stop on the date you claim Universal Credit, or on your deadline day if you haven’t lodged a claim for Universal Credit by then. If you haven’t claimed by your deadline day, you will have a further month within which to claim Universal Credit (although your legacy benefits will have already stopped). This is your final deadline.

So long as you have claimed Universal Credit either by your deadline day or your final deadline a month later, you will be eligible for transitional protection payments. If you don’t claim Universal Credit by your final deadline, you won’t get transitional protection. This is the case even if you eventually claim Universal Credit at a later date.

What happens if I would be worse off under Universal Credit?

Under Universal Credit, some people are better off, but others are worse off.

So long as you claim Universal Credit under managed migration rules and within the three-month deadline (or your final deadline one month later), you’ll be eligible for transitional protection payments. These transitional protection payments should top-up your Universal Credit if it’s less than what you were getting under legacy benefits.

If you do not claim by the deadline (or any agreed extension), you will not be eligible for transitional protection. This is so even if you claim Universal Credit at some later date.

Transitional protection for managed migration claimants will be limited for those with capital of more than £16,000. The capital they have above £16,000 will be ignored for only 12 months. If they still have more than £16,000 in capital after 12 months, their Universal Credit award will come to an end.

Certain changes of circumstances will reduce the amount of transitional protection or can even bring it to an end. In addition, transitional protection payments will not be uprated with inflation, so even those getting transitional protection payments will be worse off over time. Contact also has concerns that transitional protection will not make up for reductions some families in specific circumstances exeprience, such as those with a child in residential accommodation who their local authority treats as ‘looked after’.

Which parts of the UK does managed migration apply to?

The information set out above applies to England, Wales and Scotland. Northern Ireland has very similar rules about managed migration onto Universal Credit but there may be some differences. Contact a local advice service in Northern Ireland for more detailed advice.

Videos

Webinar: Moving onto Universal Credit

Recording of a webinar hosted in August 2024 by one of our benefits expert, Derek.

Getting a managed migration notice

This video is one of a series produced by Contact about the benefits system. It looks at the different ways that someone might move onto Universal Credit, a benefit for people of working age on low incomes.

Universal Credit advice

Universal Credit

< Benefits & tax credits